Introduction to Emergency Oral Contraception
Vaginal methods
Vaginal methods are contraceptives that a woman places in her vagina shortly before sex. There are several vaginal methods:
Spermicides, including foaming tablets or suppositories, melting
suppositories, foam, melting film, jelly and cream. Diaphragm, a soft rubber cup that covers the cervix. It should be
used with spermicidal jelly or cream. Diaphragms block the sperm from entering the uterus and tubes, when sperm could meet an egg.
Cervical cap is like the diaphragm but is smaller. It is not widely
available outside North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand.
Advantages:
1.Safe, woman controlled methods that almost every woman can use.
2.Help prevent some STDs and conditions caused by STDs--- pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, ectopic pregnancy and
possibly cervical cancer. May offer some protection against
HIV/AIDS, but this has not been demonstrated yet.
3.It offers contraception when needed. No daily action needed.
4.No side effects from hormones.
5.No effect on breast milk.
Disadvantages:
1. Side effects:
--- Spermicide may cause irritation to woman or her partner, especially if used several times a day.
--- Spermicide may cause local allergic reaction (rarely) in the woman or her partner.
--- Can make urinary tract infections more common. (A woman can avoid this by always after sex).
2. Effectiveness requires having method at hand and taking correct action before each act of sexual intercourse.
A woman can begin using a vaginal method any time during her monthly cycle and soon after childbirth, abortion or miscarriage.
The diaphragm and cervical cap generally should not be fitted, however, in the first 6 to 12 weeks after full-term delivery or second-trimester spontaneous or induced
abortion, depending on when the uterus and cervix return to their normal sizes. If needed a woman can use the spermicidal alone
or with condoms until then.
