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Brassicas
It
is a genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The members of
the genus may be collectively known either as cabbages, or as mustards.
Crops from this genus are sometimes called cole crops, which is derived
from the Latin caulis, meaning stem or cabbage.
Food
Almost all parts of some species or other have been developed for food,
including the root (rutabaga, turnips), stems (kohlrabi), leaves (cabbage,
kale), flowers (cauliflower, broccoli), and seeds (many, including mustard
seed, and oil-producing rapeseed). Some forms with white or purple foliage
or flower heads are also sometimes grown for ornament.
Medicine
Brassica vegetables are highly regarded for their nutritional value. They
provide high amounts of vitamin C and soluble fiber and contain multiple
nutrients with potent anticancer properties: 3,3'-diindolylmethane,
sulforaphane and selenium. Boiling reduces the level of anticancer
compounds, but steaming, microwaving, and stir frying do not result in
significant loss. Steaming the vegetable for three to four minutes is
recommended to maximize sulforaphane.
Brassica vegetables are rich in indole-3-carbinol, a chemical which boosts
DNA repair in cells and appears to block the growth of cancer cells. They
are also a good source of carotenoids, with broccoli having especially high
levels. 3,3'-diindolylmethane in Brassica vegetables is a potent modulator
of the innate immune response system with potent antiviral, antibacterial
and anticancer activity; however, it also is an antiandrogen. These
vegetables also contain goitrogens, which suppress thyroid function. This
can induce hypothyroidism and goiter. People with hypothyroidism should
avoid Brassica vegetables or eat them only after consultation with doctor.
The following is an abbreviated list, with an emphasis on economically
important species:
• B. carinata: Abyssinian mustard or Abyssinian cabbage, used to produce
biodiesel
• B. elongata: elongated mustard
• B. fruticulosa: Mediterranean cabbage
• B. juncea: Indian mustard, brown and leaf mustards, Sarepta mustard
• B. napus: rapeseed, canola, rutabaga (swede turnip)
• B. narinosa: broadbeaked mustard
• B. nigra: black mustard
• B. oleracea: kale, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kai-lan, Brussels
sprouts, kohlrabi
• B. perviridis: tender green, mustard spinach
• B. rapa (syn B. campestris): Chinese cabbage, turnip, rapini, komatsuna
• B. rupestris: brown mustard
• B. septiceps: seventop turnip
• B. tournefortii: Asian mustard
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